final project paper 8

Please no copies of any material. Final paper has to make sense and be one complete final paper with all requirements met.APA format and citing sources. You may change the previous part just making it into one big final paper.Below are all the parts I submitted each week now all of it has to make a one final document.

1-Which method Would you use?

Investigative Psychology

The cases under investigation are best profiled using a nomothetic method since the characteristics of the offender or offenders can be categorized into one group of criminals. This grouping is possible because the three cases are similar, which means the offenders, if many, share similar characteristics. Criminal investigative analysis, diagnostic evaluations, geographic profiling, and investigative psychology are all branches of nomothetic profiling. This essay will discuss investigative psychology as a profiling method and the reasons why investigative psychology is the best method to use for these cases. Investigative psychology is a method that analyzes psychology relevant to criminal cases and involves researching different criminal groups.

This profilingmethod of psychology investigation shines a light on details that help the investigators understand the crime, its context, and the reason behind it. Another reason for choosing this profiling method is that it helps the investigators concentrate on the suspect. The police can know what information will help in identifying the offender and what records to look for. Also, investigative psychology helps the police prioritize a suspect in case several offenders are suspected (Youngs & Spruin, 2015). Personal characteristics and behavioral patterns identified during profiling make it easier to eliminate and narrow down the witness list to arrest the offender quickly.

Investigative psychology is beneficial, especially in linking crimes that would have escaped the investigators’ eyes. When an offender is responsible for several crimes, they tend to form a consistent pattern that can be recognized by studying the psychology of the offender. Also, this profiling method distinguishes offenses and offenders and may determine that cases are not linked but just similar if they had been thought to be connected. Also, this profiling method is useful to the prosecution when building a case against an offender (Canter & Zukauskiene, 2017). Understanding the criminal’s way of thought helps unearth pieces of evidence that may be crucial to a case. Lastly, investigative psychology may also be useful to predict the next target, victim wise or geographically. It is possible to predict by understanding an offender’s reasons for carrying out the offenses or their preferred victims. It becomes easier to predict an offender’s next target.

For investigative psychology to be effective, the method has to rely on several factors, one of them being interpersonal coherence. The way an offender treats their victim is likely to be the way they treat other people in their lives. Forensic awareness should also be considered. Forensic knowledge refers to the criminal’s way of protecting themselves from getting caught, and these precautionary behaviors change with time and experience (C. Bartol & A. Bartol, 2017). Criminal careers is also another essential factor that aids investigative psychology. Criminal careers refer to the ways criminals change their behavior as they get more experienced in carrying out their crimes.

Investigative psychology is the best profiling method for unsolved murders. The police use the other techniques more, and hence bringing this method to these cases opens a fresh set of eyes. Understanding an offender, why, and how they carry out a crime, is crucial and a leap in the right direction towards the apprehension and prosecution of the offenders.

References

Canter, D., & Žukauskiene, R. (2017). Psychology and Law: Bridging the gap. Routledge.

Bartol, C. R., & Bartol, A. M. (2017). Introduction to forensic psychology: Research and application. Sage Publications.

Youngs, D., & Spruin, E. (2015). Investigative psychology. Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2689-2699.

2-Key Points

Profiling

In order to understand how or where the crime scene we have to will consider that the crime scene provides the initial and essential pieces of the offender’s criminal profile weather, it is a small quantity or a large one. The amount of chaos at the crime scene to understand if the serial killer was disorganized or neat and clean when perpetrating these murders.

• Construction of a model for decision making, which involves the establishment of details and characteristics of the murders (Mastronardi & Neri, 2017). The characteristics include determining the main aim of the serial killer or if the killings were incidental to another crime, whether the murdered individuals were at high risk, whether the victims were killed at the crime scene or its proximity.
• Assessment of the crime scene to determine if the offenders were organized or disorganized. W focus on characteristics such as whether the bodies of the victims were positioned by the serial killer, whether there were sexual acts before or even after the murders, or whether the victims’ bodies were cannibalized or mutated.

What these details say about the killer

Collection and organization of essential details such as the neighborhood of the victims, photographs of the crime scene, and background of the victim can help to identify the perpetrator. In these cases, the older women were widows, and this shows that the perpetrator was aware that these women were vulnerable, and therefore he took advantage of that situation (Mane, Jagtap & Wavhal, 2011). The amount of chaos, according to these cases, was low. The fact stated before indicates that the crime scene was neat and clean; hence the perpetrator possessed core social variables such as education, household, and even occupation.

Construction of the decision process model indicates that the serial killer was mission-oriented, and his main aim was to murder, and he targeted a specific group of people who are the elderly and widowed women (Mane, Jagtap & Wavhal, 2011). This killer will justify his actions by claiming that the killings were necessary to get rid of older adults whom he considered to be undesirable to the world. The killer is likely to be a perfectionist, compulsive, stable, and employed.He is also meticulous and plans his killing with high levels of precision. He believes that ending the lives of these victims, ritually will absolve them of all their wrongs.

Assessment of the crime scene will differentiate between organized and disorganized killers, whereby organized killers plan their killings. Additionally, these killers are very conscious of evidence. Disorganized killers, on the other hand, tend to commit offenses spontaneously, are acquitted with the murdered, and leave physical evidence at the scene of the crime. In the three murders, the serial killer was an organized offender (Mane, Jagtap & Wavhal, 2011). This is because all the three decedents’ beds are entirely made, their bodies were lying face upwards in the master’s bedrooms, their hair is freshly brushed, their fingernails are freshly done, and one of their hands are folded on top of the others and placed on the chest. This shows that the killer is brilliant, orderly, and skilled. These types of killers are also desirable, married, educated, employed, and familiar with the investigation processes of the police.

References

Mane, M., Jagtap, P., & Wavhal, D. (2011). The Common Traits Among the Serial Killers From Criminal Profiling. Indian Journal Of Applied Research, 4(2), 42-43. doi: 10.15373/2249555x/feb2014/66

Mastronardi, V., & Neri, G. (2017). Serial murders: criminological profiles. Rivista Di Psicopatologia Forense, Medicina Legale, Criminologia, 22(1-2-3), 22-26. doi: 10.4081/psyco.2017.9

3-Two posible scenarios

Victimology as a discipline

Victimology studies the offenders and the injured parties. The scientific branch of criminology also examines the nature of the consequences of victimization as well as the causes of victimization. Victimology offers insight into whether or not victims are usually total strangers to the offenders, or they are related in some way. Knowing the details that affect the injured parties helps to understand why they were victimized and how such victimization can be prevented (Fisher & Jerin, 2014). The concept of victimology tries to explain that the occurrence of the crime is not solely predicated on the ill will and the illegal act of the attacker. It pushes the envelope further and studies the victims in a bid to understand the attacker more from that angle. In the specific theory of the lifestyle, the concept is that a specific breed of victims experiences the crime simply because their lifestyle predisposes them to it.

Victimology associated with the victims in in ‘Three Unsolved Murders’ scenario

To understand the scenario, it is essential to evaluate the various aspects associated with the three murders and determine how they are related. This can be best done using the routine activity theory. This theory holds that people are victimized more when the following conditions exist. Criminals attack more when there is an availability of suitable targets and an absence of capable guardians. According to the theory, the existence of these two factors in the presence of motivated attackers precipitates crimes. In the murders presented below, it is agreeable that all victims have the same cause of death. In addition to that, they are found in the same state after they die.

This is an indication that the acts might be done by a serial killer who is targeting a specific group of people. These are people whose husbands are deceased, and thus the killer knows that their defense is low. The victims are vulnerable because they exhibit similar lifestyles, and they all live in single full mobile homes. The serial killer must be identifying a pattern in those victims, and this pattern can be used by the law officers to identify the next targets and preferably get hold of the killer. From the description in the medical report, the victims are killed similarly, as if the killer is trying to pass a message. He takes time to paint their nails and ensure that no evidence is left behind.

From the description, the killer must be an adult with enough energy to strangling the victims to death. In addition to this, he is not after any money because nothing is reported to be missing from these houses. Again, the cars are left in the parking lot, and every item is the house is accounted for. This must be a disturbed person who is targeting a group of women, maybe relating them with a past misfortune that might have happened to him. He seems to be in seeking vengeance, only that he is doing it to people who exhibit similar traits to the person who could have wronged him. Such cases are usually hard to solve, mainly because of the conservative nature of the killer, but identifying a pattern and similarities in the victims can help in depicting the next move (Motz, 2016).

References

Fisher, B. S., & Jerin, R. A. (2014). The evolution of victimology: Pedagogy, research, services, and advocacy.

Motz, A. (2016). The psychology of female violence: Crimes against the body. Routledge.

4-Formal Profile

Profilingserial killers

• When looking at all the information available valuable information in many cases like photographs of the crime scene and on profiling the background of the victim, for instance, whether the victims had spouses or not.
• The amount of chaos at the crime scene to understand if the serial killer was disorganized or neat and clean when perpetrating these murders.
• Construction of a model for decision making, which involves the establishment of details and characteristics of the murders (Mastronardi & Neri, 2017). The characteristics include determining the main aim of the serial killer or if the killings were incidental to another crime, whether the murdered individuals were at high risk, whether the victims were murdered at the scene of the crime or somewhere else.
• Assessment of the crime scene to determine if the offenders were organized or disorganized. I will focus on characteristics such as whether the bodies of the victims were positioned by the serial killer, whether there were sexual acts before or even after the murders, or whether the victims’ bodies were cannibalized or mutated.

What these details say about the killer

Collection and organization of essential details such as the neighborhood of the victims, photographs of a crime scene, and background of the victim can help to identify the perpetrator. In these cases, the older adults were widows, and this shows that the perpetrator was aware that these women were vulnerable, and therefore he took advantage of that situation (Mane, Jagtap & Wavhal, 2011). The amount of chaos, according to these cases, was low. This indicates that the crime scene was neat and clean; hence the perpetrator possessed core social variables such as education, household, and even occupation.

Construction of the decision process model indicates that the serial killer was mission-oriented, and his main aim was to murder, and he targeted a specific group of people who are the elderly and widowed women (Mane, Jagtap & Wavhal, 2011). This killer will justify his actions by claiming that the killings were necessary to get rid of older adults whom he considered to be undesirable to the world. The killer is likely to be a perfectionist, compulsive, stable, and employed.He is also meticulous and plans his killing with high levels of precision. He believes that ending the lives of these victims, ritually will absolve them of all their wrongs.

Assessment of the crime scene will differentiate between organized and disorganized killers, whereby organized killers plan their killings. Additionally, these killers are very conscious of evidence. Disorganized killers, on the other hand, tend to commit offenses spontaneously, are acquitted with the murdered, and leave physical evidence at the scene of the crime. In the three murders, the serial killer was an organized offender (Mane, Jagtap & Wavhal, 2011). This is because all the three decedents’ beds are entirely made, their bodies were lying face upwards in the master’s bedrooms, their hair is freshly brushed, their fingernails are freshly done, and one of their hands are folded on top of the others and placed on the chest. This shows that the killer is brilliant, orderly, and skilled. These types of killers are also lovely, married, educated, employed, and familiar with the investigation processes of the police.

References

Mane, M., Jagtap, P., & Wavhal, D. (2011). The Common Traits Among the Serial Killers From Criminal Profiling. Indian Journal Of Applied Research, 4(2), 42-43. doi: 10.15373/2249555x/feb2014/66

Mastronardi, V., & Neri, G. (2017). Serial murders: criminological profiles. Rivista Di Psicopatologia Forense, Medicina Legale, Criminologia, 22(1-2-3), 22-26. doi: 10.4081/psyco.2017.9